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Max Stirner, pseudonym of Johann Caspar Schmidt (Bayreuth, October 25, 1806 - Berlin, June 26, 1856) was a German philosopher.

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a transcendence of the subjugation of consciousness to abstract ideas such as "the state" and "humanity". Stirner simply assumes that his state of consciousness can no longer be connected to abstract concepts such as "the state", "the people", "man" etc.

Since this "unique ego" is beyond the limits of the definable (it falls outside the dialectic) it is therefore also completely indefinable. The absolute is thus linked to pure subjectivity, and therefore escapes any subjectivation.

In other words, humanism is a curse rather than a blessing, as it imposes limits on the “human.”

Ich hab' mein' Sach' auf Nichts gestellt (Goethe). This phrase indicates what both Stirner and Hegel regard as the fundamental nature of pure subjectivity.

Stirner plainly stated that there is no difference between humanism and Christianity, but that "humanism", on the contrary, entails an intensification of the oppressive mechanism of Christianity.

He seriously problematizes the alleged evidence that man has simply become "freer" or has started to act more "morally" since the Enlightenment.

An interesting fact is that Stirner did not preach "revolution" at all, but what he called Empörung: the individual man had to come to the insight that he was faced with the choice to realize his own individuality on the basis of daily practice and not to let seduced by all kinds of sacred goals outside themselves. The resistance and oppression that the individual person may experience must be circumvented through a cunning strategy. According to him, striving to realize a new form of society inevitably leads to a new essentialism and is itself the product of this.

In fact, Stirner's relevance is limited to his own time. His alleged modern-day apostles sometimes lack irony. Stirner can be understood as a "tool" to disassemble contemporary developments, and in particular to formulate a critique of the communalism of the "alter-globalist movement".

Rudolf Steiner: "Like Nietzsche, Stirner often believes that the driving forces of human life can only be found in the separate, real individual. He rejects all forces that seek to shape and determine the individual personality from outside. The free human being determines his own goals. He possesses his own ideals and does not allow himself to be possessed by those ideals. The human being who is not master of his own ideals as a free individual is under the same influence as the mentally ill individual who It makes no difference to Stirner whether a human being imagines himself to be the “Emperor of China,” or whether an ordinary citizen imagines that his destiny is to be a good Christian, a faithful Protestant, a virtuous human orphans, etc., or that he is taken captive, and sits, in orthodoxy, virtue, etc.

You only have to read a few pages in Stirner's book, Der Einzige und sein Eigentum, to see how closely his views are related to those of Nietzsche."

John Glassford (prof. present): "Could it be more than a coincidence that Stirner, like Nietzsche, abhorred the state, nationalism, liberalism, socialism and communism? Nietzsche called all those modern isms “fits of stupidity" and Stirner said quite remarkable about one of those ideologies, “that the communists see the man, the brother in you, is only the Sunday side of communism.” According to Stirner and Nietzsche, these ideas are all based on a latent, secularized version of Christian ethics.

It’s what the Bible teaches. All bibles teach it. The love and joy of 72 virgins is no different than the heaven promise in all religions, everywhere! Is there a religion I can believe, Christianity, Buddhist, Muslim (but not the Jews, they are evil.) one thing is true: just love one another, be kind. But watch out for Jews, they are the naughty people.

MOZI (Mo Tse) c. 470 – c. 391 BCE

400 years before Christ, he lays down his famous principle of universal charity. 'Let every country treat other countries as its own, other families as his own, other people as himself!'
On the role of traditional religion: 'When everyone believes in the power of spirits (the Chinese have no God) to reward the good and punish the bad, there will be no misfortune.'