Sign into an existing account

You have a few strategies, making air run into a sharp edge will create a vortex as the air tries and fails to roll into the low pressure on the other side of the edge. If the air runs along an elliptical shape, you will also create a vortex.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4h7UKsEwb8

Here you can see a tomato, having an elliptical shape creates a vortex with no sharp edges.

Finally you can induce a vortex by spinning air, for example a vortex tube introduces compressed air through spiral arranged passages.

https://blog.exair.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/vt.png

The so called vortex chamber, is really just making passages at an angle so that air swirls as it enters the main tube.

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/pyUXVXNZLHo

Here you can see the principle but used in water, same shit.

In chemistry, breaking bonds absorbs heat, or cools. Water retains heat when it's liquid and much less so when it is vapor, because the hydrogen bonds become weaker and easier to break. R134 is a hydrofluorocarbon, each molecule has 2 hydrogen bonds. The cooling loop consists of converting a gas to a liquid, then diffusing the liquid back to a gas. Gasoline absorbs energy and cools before it combusts, gasoline is mostly carbon with hydrogen bonds, the reaction products are mostly CO2 and H2O. It is when the CO2 and H2O forms that energy is released. When the hydrogen bonds in the gasoline are broken, energy is absorbed, temperature decreases, this is why running rich cools exhaust gas temperature. Why gasoline being sprayed on and evaporating actually cools the intake valves.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxewm1pkPw0

The vortex flows one way, and the low pressure acts as an adverse pressure gradient to the primary flow, creating its own vortex.

The moon, absolutely devoid of a magnetic field, no atmosphere. Mars, nearly no magnetic field, nearly no atmosphere. Jupiter, massive, huge magnetic field, extremely dense atmosphere. Saturn, ditto, Neptune, Your fucking asshole, ditto. Mercury supposedly has a magnetic field, but it's really close to the sun, maybe it does have an atmosphere, who knows. The sun, astronomical magnetic field, atmosphere to match, check. Earth, moderately strong magnetic field, moderately dense atmosphere, so far so good. Venus? It's less dense, but what it lacks in density, it makes up for in volume. Where Earth's field is Apple shaped, Venus is more voluminous and shaped like a comet with its tail. It too has an atmosphere.

Is gravity and the magnetic field of a celestial body related? After all, either could be used to explain the atmospheres of these bodies.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-b7YkriJr0

I enjoy lectures like this, they give you the relationships between variables in clear language.

The velocity of air through a duct is entirely dependent on the pressure ratio at the throat, and the inlet. Therefore at low vehicle speeds a duct can have 1 bar head, and 1 bar at the outlet. As the vehicle speed increases, the head pressure also increases, meanwhile, the duct pressure decreases at any and all throats, which in turn reduces the pressure at the outlet. The increased head pressure, and reduced outlet pressure together increase the pressure ratio at each throat.

https://imgr1.auto-motor-und-sport.de/Carlos-Sainz-Ferrari-Formel-1-GP-Monaco-28-Mai-2022-169Gallery-e1398dda-1903619.jpg

These strakes increase head pressure, as they divert air outward, the inner most strake and the body become the path of least resistance. Now these strakes also restrict air from moving into the back of the floor. Which in effect is lowering the back pressure of the throat created between the inner-most strake and the body. When the pressure ratio reaches ~2:1, you have choked flow. Once you have choked flow, the passage to the back of the floor becomes restricted, which increases the suction behind the strake which pulls the floor downward at that point. However choked flow is very lossy, unless it is carefully controlled. The shape of the outlet has to be carefully designed to exploit the fact that you can accelerate choked flow with careful expansion of the duct.

Not only that, but all subsequent ducts must have this careful sizing in mind, otherwise there are great losses, and flow instability.

https://youtu.be/45w1-lwFSzM?t=1053

You can see in this experiment how critical duct geometry is to maintain low pressure, low loss flow.

Can you turn your waist without turning your knee? No, most of you will toss your hip by turning your knee. You've lived your whole life doing this because you're afraid of your own momentum. By tossing your hip, and turning your knee when you turn your waist you're dissipating all your energy, wasting it. By not moving your knee when you turn your waist you keep all your energy. Even people that have practiced for years can't do this automatically. If you brace your front knee against something, like a couch or door frame, or bed, you see how easily your energy travels from your back foot, to your lead hand.