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Though I have seen africans use such things as lengths of scrap wire cable, there are any number of varieties of commonly occuring flexible plant-life available all over africa that naturally lend themselves to this sort of thing, only as far away as the nearest stand of trees. They use the same sort of switches to herd cattle with.

The worst I think is a species of vine that has an irritating component in it's sap (as a defense against being eaten by the wildlife), and must be wielded with either gloves or a rag wrapped around it to serve as a handle, as the effect is like being whipped with a cord soaked in hot peppers. Every welt burns even beyond the mere sting of the switch itself.